Beamforming transmits radio signals in such a way that they’re directed at a specific device. In cellular bands, though, channels are often only 5MHz wide, which makes spectral efficiency very important.Ĩ02.11ac also introduces standardized beamforming (802.11n had it, but it wasn’t standardized, which made interoperability an issue). In the 5GHz band, where channels are fairly wide (20MHz+), spectral efficiency isn’t so important. Spectral efficiency measures how well a given wireless protocol or multiplexing technique uses the bandwidth available to it. In theory, that quadruples the spectral efficiency of 802.11ac over 802.11n. ![]() To boost throughput further, 802.11ac also introduces 256-QAM modulation (up from 64-QAM in 802.11n), which squeezes 256 different signals over the same frequency by shifting and twisting each into a slightly different phase.
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